Last updated: 30-Jun-2001 http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/models.txt From a catalog circa 1967: The PDP-10 includes an extremely powerful processor with 15 index registers, 16 accumulators, and 8,192 words of 36-bit core memory, a 300-character-per-second paper tape reader, a 50-character-per-second paper tape punch, a console teleprinter, and a two-level priority interrupt subsystem. PDP-10/20 adds two DECtapes, PDP-10/30 includes 16,384 words of memory and additional I/O devices. PDP-10/40 adds an extended order code and a memory protection and relocation feature. And PDP-10/50 permits swapping between 32,768 words of memory and fast access disk file via the multiplexer/selector channel, and includes multiprogramming time-sharing software. 1010 KA10, 8Kwords, papertape, only 2 PI channels, never built 1020 KA10, 8Kwords, 2 DECtapes, never built 1030 KA10, 16Kwords, 2 DECtapes and more I/O devices (none sold) 1040 KA10, 16Kwords, DECtapes, single user, 2-seg memory protection 1050 KA10, 32Kwords, disks, multi user, byte pointer and floating point 1055 Dual processor (1050) system, master/slave configuration 1060 KI10, single user (no disks) 1070 KI10, multi user (with disks) 1077 Dual processor 1070, master/slave or symmetrical multiprocessing 1080 KL10-A(PA) running TOPS-10 1088 Dual processor (1080) system, SMP 1090 KL10-B(PA) or KL10-D(PV) running TOPS-10 1090T KL10-BC(PA) running TOPS-20 (ARPANET system only, a 1090 with floppies) 1091 KL10-E/R(PV) with cache and DIB20 I/O bus adapter, running TOPS-10 1095 KL10-E/R(PW) with big cache and DIB20 I/O bus adapter, running TOPS-10 1099 Multi processor (1090) system, SMP, TRI-SMP, QUAD-SMP 2040 KL10-C(PA) or KL10-E(PV) without cache running TOPS-20 2050 KL10-C(PA) or KL10-E(PV) with cache running TOPS-20 2060 KL10-E/R(PV), cache, MOS memory, runs TOPS-20 using extended addressing 2065 KL10-E/R(PW), big cache, MOS memory, TOPS-20 using extended addressing Non-KL features: PDP-10 Features PDP-6 1050 1070 2020 KC TOAD-1 ==================== ===== ==== ==== ==== ==== ====== Year announced 1964 1967 1972 1978 cancel 1994 CPU type 166 KA KI KS KC XKL-1 Clock speed nanoseconds Async Async 110 50 Fast 30 Extended sections No page No page None 1 4096 4096 G-floating No FP No DF No No? Yes Yes Words of Cache -- -- -- 512 Big 128K Disk interface I/O DH10 DH10 Unibus CI SCSI-2 Peripherals I/O I/O I/O Unibus NI Ethernet Internal memory No No No 256K Yes Yes Height of cabinets Tall Tall Tall Short Jupiter 35"h Console Front-End None None None 8080 11/40 builtin Bootstrap device -- -- -- Magtape Floppy ROM Runs TOPS-10 7.01 No No Yes Yes No No Runs TOPS-10 7.02 No No No Yes No No TOPS-10 7.03/7.04/7.05 No No No Yes Yes CTY only Runs TOPS-20 rel 4 No No No Yes No No Runs TOPS-20 rel 5 No No No No No No Runs TOPS-20 rel 6 No No No No Yes No Runs TOPS-20 rel 7 No No No No Yes Yes KL features: Designation PV Boot Cache DTE RH20 IO bus Used in ----------- -- ------ ----- --- ---- ------ ---------------------- 74 KL10-A No DECtape Yes 1 0 Yes 1080 (uses RH10) 74 KL10-B No DECtape Yes 4 8 Yes 1090 Model-A 76 KL10-C No Floppy Option 4 8 No 2040 Model-A, 2050 Model-A 77 KL10-BC No Floppy Yes 4 8 Yes 1090T (ARPANET) 78 KL10-D Yes DECtape Yes 4 8 Yes 1090 Model-B 81 KL10-E Yes Floppy Option 4 8 Option 1091, 2060, 2050 Model-B 84 KL10-E+ PW Floppy Bigger 4 8 Option 1095, 2065 84 KL10-R = same as KL10-E, but in FCC approved cabinets. 84 KL10-R+ = same as KL10-E+, but in FCC approved cabinets. PDP-10 Features 1080 1090PA 1090PV 1091 2040PA 2040PV 2050PA 2050PV 2060 1065/2065 ==================== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==== ==== ==== ==== Year announced 1974 1974 ?78? 1981 1976 ?78? 1976 ?78? ?81? ?84? CPU type KL-A KL-B KL-D KL-E KL-C KL-D KL-C KL-D KL-E KL-R Model-B backplane ucode No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes PW Clock speed nanoseconds 40 40 33 33 40 33 40 33 33 33 Extended sections None None 32 32 None 32 None 32 32 32 G-floating No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Words of Cache 2048 2048 2048 2048 0 0 2048 2048 2048 4096 RH20 internal channels No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes KA/KI I/O-bus I/O I/O I/O I/O No IOB No IOB No IOB No IOB Option Option Internal memory No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Height of cabinets Tall Tall Tall Short Short Short Short Short Short Short Console Front-End 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 11/40 Bootstrap device DECtape DECtape DECtape Floppy Floppy Floppy Floppy Floppy Floppy Floppy Runs TOPS-10 7.01 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Maybe Maybe Runs TOPS-10 7.02 No No Yes Yes No No No No Maybe Maybe Runs TOPS-10 7.03/7.04 No No Yes Yes No No No No Maybe Yes Runs TOPS-20 rel 4 No No No Maybe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Runs TOPS-20 rel 5 No No No Maybe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Runs TOPS-20 rel 6 No No No Maybe No No No No Yes Yes Runs TOPS-20 rel 7 No No No Maybe No No No No Yes Yes "Model-A backplane" has 1280 words of 96 bit microcode. "Model-B backplane" has 2048 words of microcode. The KL10-R has a "Model-C backplane" with 4096 words cache and double pager buffer (1024 instead of 512). Existing 1091 and 2060 systems could be upgraded to 1095 and 2065 by installing the "Model-C" modifications. The "FCC-KL" is a 1095 or 2065 installed in the cabinets that were designed for the "Jupiter" project. A 2040 is a 2050 without cache, a 2060 is a 2050-PV with MOS memory. The only difference between a 2060 with an I/O bus and a 1091 is the color of the paint (orange versus blue). A 1090 is a 1080 with internal data channels (RH-20 versus RH-10). 1090, 2040, and 2050 come with either Model-A or Model-B backplanes. Extended addressing and G-floating both require a Model-B backplane for the microcode (the 2020 uses KL paging but is limited to a single section). The 1090T was created for ARPANET, it is a blue "PDP-20" (floppies instead of DECtapes). 7.02 and Rel 6 require extended addressing. The KA has no paging hardware, therefore it cannot run 7-series monitors or TOPS-20. (It can run TENEX using the BBN pager.) JCGreen comments on an article about early DEC-10 monitors: >>I finally found the list of monitor names I remembered: From the _PDP-10 >>Systems User's Guide_ (order number DEC-10-NGCA-D, copyright 1967), in the >>section on monitors, we find the following: >> pg. 15: SINGLE-USER MONITORS >> >> MONITOR 10/10 A single-user Monitor for an 8K paper tape system. Includes >> an I/O Controller, run-time selection of I/O devices, job- >> to-job transition, job save and restore features, and >> memory dumps. > >> MONITOR 10/20 A single-user Monitor for an 8K DECtape system. Includes >> the same versatile features as the 10/10. > >There never was an 8K system. It was part of the pulling of >wool over Ken Olson's eyes. The $99K configuration with: > >* 2 level priority interrupt >* no memory protection and relocation >* no fast registers >* no floating point instructions >* no byte instructions >* 8K memory >* paper tape & KSR/35 only I/O >* 5.5K FORTRAN compiler > >was never built. So the 10/10 and 10/20 monitors weren't either. Ken signed >off on the project when the Large Computer Engineering group gave him a >proposal saying this was NOT a PDP-6 style mainframe. It was a single user >real-time system with minimum configuration of $99K and typical configuration >of $149K. >--- >RP10 (controller for RP02) Project Engineer >21483 Old Mine Rd (408)353-1870 >Los Gatos CA 95030 JCGreen@ix.netcom.com John Everett and Bob Clements respond that the 10/10 was created, but never sold, and that the 10/30 was never built. Date: Sat, 30 Jun 2001 11:00:13 -0400 From: "Alan H. Martin" Found it earlier this month. The document refers to the PDP-10/10 through PDP-10/50, which is obviously an earlier nomenclature than DECsystem-1040, but with obvious correspondence. A 1030 was a 1020 with 16K instead of 8K, and ``additional I/O devices'' beyond the CTY and console PTR/PTP, and a pair of DECtapes. " The |d|i|g|i|t|a|l| Logic Handbook Flip Chip(TM) Modules 1967 Edition .... Part VI: Computer Catalog .... PDP-10 PDP-10 is an expandable, 36-bit computer system available in five configurations (PDP-10/10, 10/20, 10/30, 10/40, and 10/50) and offering optimum power and versatility in the medium price range. The PDP-10 includes an extremely powerful processor with 15 index registers, 16 accumulators, and 8,192 words of 36-bit core memory, a 300-character-per-second paper tape reader, a 50-character-per-second paper tape punch, a console teleprinter, and a two-level priority interrupt subsystem. PDP-10/20 adds two DECtapes, PDP-10/30 includes 16,384 words of memory and additional I/O devices. PDP-10/40 adds an extended order code and a memory protection and relocation feature. And PDP-10/50 permits swapping between 32,768 words of memory and fast access desk file via the multiplexer/selector channel, and includes multiprogramming time-sharing software. The PDP-10 is designed for on-line and real-time applications such as physics and bio-medical research, process control, as a departmental computation facility, in simulation and aerospace, chemical instrumentation, display processing and as a science teaching tool. The software package includes real-time FORTRAN IV, a control monitor, a macro assembler, a context editor, a symbolic debugging program, an I/O controller, a peripheral interchange program, a desk calculator and library programs. All software systems assure upward compatibility from the standard 8,192 words of memory through the multi-programming and swapping systems at both the symbolic and relocatable binary level. PDP-10 features a 1-microsecond cycle time, a 2.1-microsecond add time, I/O transfer rates up to 7,200,000 bits per second and a modular, proven software package that expands to make full use of all hardware configurations. Memory can be expanded in 8,192 word increments to the maximum directly addressable 262,144 words. [Facing page: B/W photo of a KA10 with bucket-style operator's chair] " Note: the word ``disk'' is misspelled as ``desk'' in ``swapping between 32,768 words of memory and fast access desk file via the multiplexer/ selector channel'' in the handbook itself. They were wise enough not to list any Computer Catalog entries in the 1-Apr-67 price list. A -10 wasn't exactly an off-the-shelf item. Please send updates or corrections to Joe Smith